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Excerpts from a U.S. Soccer coaching
guide
The 4v4 game includes all the qualities found in the bigger
game. The shape of the team is a smaller version of what is found in
the eleven-a-side game in that there is width, depth, and height to
the team. The shape is dynamic in that the players are able to
combine and work together as teammates in order to be successful and
there is the potential for a constant interchange of positions and
roles. A solid understanding of the principles of play, found in the
basic 4v4 form allows for continued advancement as the players adapt
to the added demands placed on them when more players are added to
the tactical picture.
The basic attacking shape should
create enough space to allow the players to find options in every
direction, with the essential purpose of creating quality goal
scoring opportunities. The most basic shape that allows for this
space is the “diamond”, with a deep player who supports the attack
from behind, two wide players who give the game width, and a high
player who stretches the game forward and offers himself as a
target. Attention should be given to how the 4 players adjust as the
ball and players move. Players must be prepared to move to different
spots on the field, based on the movement of their teammates and the
ball. For example, if the deep player steps forward with the ball,
someone must replace him in the spot that he has just vacated, so
that there continues to be support from behind.
Principles of Attack
Penetration
- dribbling, shooting, and passing.
Support
- providing all around support for the
player with the ball.
Mobility
- an attempt to create gaps in the
defense by a variety of different runs.
Width
- spread the defense to create space.
Improvisation
- make the attack unpredictable
through creativity.
The most effective defending shape
should slow the opponent’s movement forward with some form of
collective defending. The need for quality pressure on the ball
remains an essential part of the team defensive effectiveness. Added
to this pressure is the ability of the group to supply good “cover”
for the pressuring defender in case the quality of that pressure is
not sufficient to stop the forward progress of the ball. Finally,
the group must keep a compact shape, not allowing the team to become
too “spread out”. This limits the time and space that the attacking
team has at their disposal and maximizes opportunities for the
defending players to work collectively. At the same time, individual
and group defending can also discourage the first ball forward by
dropping and filling space closer to their own goal, rather than
stepping and pressuring closer to the ball. These decisions, by the
players closest to the ball, as well as the covering players, need
to be made based on the principles of defending, and what makes the
most sense on any given play.
Principles of Defense
Pressure
- win the ball back as quickly as
possible.
Delay
- gain time to organize the defense
through appropriate pressure on the ball (pressure may be
“dropping”).
Support-Cover
- provided to pressuring defender.
Balance
- positioning away from the ball to
cover vital areas.
Compactness
– keeping spaces between defenders as
small as possible.
Control and Restraint
- individual defending under control.
Counterattack
- win the ball and go to goal, if you
can!
5v5: (4 field players plus a goalkeeper)
As the team progresses to 5v5, the
added dimension to the team’s “shape” is the emergence of a central
midfield role. The goalkeeper has the added responsibility of being
the “last” player in the attack, allowing the “central back” to step
more in to a midfield role. This, in essence, allows for another
option for playing the ball forward out of the back, a role that
serves as a “link” between players in the back and those up front.
This further complicates the game as it demands that a player serve
in a role that has pressure coming from all around them, rather than
just basically from one direction. Now the basic shape remains a
“diamond” but has a player serving in the “middle” of that diamond.
At the same time, as the central player becomes more competent, the
attacking team now has a player who has the potential to play the
ball in many directions, thereby making the attack less predictable
and therefore more effective.
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